Urology is focused on the anatomy of the kidney and its adjacent structures, the urinary tract, and the male genital system, and deals with dysfunctions of the following organs and structures: the adrenal glands, kidney (morphological aspects and obstructive conditions), retroperitoneum and lumbar region, ureter, bladder, prostate, seminal tract, urethra, pelvic floor structures, penis, scrotum, testicles and epididymis.

The corresponding diseases may be treated medically, using all kinds of drugs, or surgically, with open surgery, laparoscopy, endoscopy and radiological methods.

Urologists are doctors in charge of diagnosing and treating morphological kidney diseases and diseases of the urinary system and retroperitoneum that affect both men and women; and diseases of the male genital system, in patients of any age.